Monosaccharides Monosaccharides or monosaccharides in the original meaning simple sugars because it exists only as a sugar unit. It is important compounds in our lives even use it directly as glucose and blood sugar, fructose in honey and fruit, nautilus spiral and galactose in milk. In addition, glucose resulting from the process of photosynthesis, is also a source of energy for humans and animals who benefit directly by eating plants. Monosaccharides need not be limited to energy sources only. Besides the question of usefulness, nautilus spiral it should also be known molecular structure of these monosaccharides are near by. Starting with classification classification, sugar forms can be divided into aldose and ketoses depending on the functional groups contained in a molecule. Aldose is a polyhydroxy aldehyde and ketone ketosa is a polyol. Meanwhile, the suffix "OSA" is used to grade sugar. From both of these classes, the division can be done according to the number of carbon atoms in a molecule of sugar. If there are three carbon it was called triose, 4 carbon nautilus spiral as Tetroses, 5 as pentose and hexose carbon to 6 carbons. The combination of both these divisions yielding groups such as Aldotriose, Ketotriose, Aldotetroses, ketotetosa and so on.
Notation D- and L- Another important classification for sugar is a notation D and L. Basically, every picture Fischer to monosaccharides, the carbonyl group should be placed top to bottom is followed by asymmetric center and polyol groups. For example nautilus spiral and comparison, we see glyceraldehyde and galactose (see diagram). Glyceraldehyde have only one asymmetric center. In diagram (a), note the hydroxy functional groups on the asymmetric center is on the left. Thus, this compound is an L-glyseraldihid. In diagram (b), galactose also has four asymmetric center and hydroxy at the fourth asymmetric center is on the right. Thus, the compound is D-galactose.
Notation α- and β- addition nautilus spiral monosaccharide structures in canvas Fischer (open chain), it can also be described in the form of bracelets, also known picture of Haworth. Description Haworth monosaccharides formed in the α and β. Average molecular structure of these important because both forms provide different physical properties (see table below). For example, D-glucose can be formed in the α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose.
Monosaccharides form cyclic hemiacetals nautilus spiral through reaction nautilus spiral with the alcohol equivalent of aldehyde groups. To see how this reaction occurs, open-chain D-glucose in the picture Fischer used as an example. It begins with an open chain structure is converted to a ring structure and horizontal. Hydroxymethyl group is placed in the right rear and facing upwards. Hydroxy group is on the right in the picture Fischer is now at the bottom of the ring structure. Meanwhile, the hydroxy group located on the left hand is placed at the top. In the position of the ring, the hydroxy group at carbon-5 to attack the carbonyl group to form a hemiacetal and a new asymmetric nautilus spiral center. In the event, the hydroxy group is formed that leads to the top, it is called nautilus spiral β-D-glucose, and α-D-glucose if the hydroxy group is facing down. Both forms are anomers, two sugars differ nautilus spiral only in the configuration of the previous carbon nautilus spiral is a carbonyl. Carbon is also the only one that is bound to two oxygen atoms.
Conclusion It can be said that the monosaccharide is a simple sugar that has been systematically configuration and can be classified into aldose sugar and ketoses. It can also be classified as D-glucose and L-sugars. This method is similar to the notation nautilus spiral R- and S-, but summarized by determining the position of the hydroxyl at the center of the bottom of the picture asimmetrik Fischer a monosaccharide. In addition to a description in the form of open-chain Fischer, sugar can be drawn in the picture Haworth in rings which may produce a anomers.
Biomolecules Biomolecules Carbohydrates Carbohydrates basic chemicals management learning motivation motivation monosaccharides Monosaccharides organic management learning physics research writing petrochemical petrochemistry physical principles of organic polymer chemistry, polymer chemistry research principles SCES / P1200 SCES2262 SCES2321 SCES2324 SCES3329 writing nautilus spiral tutorial
2014 (1) May (1) 2013 (2) May (1) May (1) 2012 (1) May (1) 2011 (4) May (1) February (3) Monosaccharides reaction SCES2321 / SCES2262 biomolecules: Tutorials Introduction to Monosaccharides 2010 (13) May (1) May (4) February (3) υ
No comments:
Post a Comment